Overview of Biostatistics and Descriptive Statistics

Module 1: Overview of Biostatistics and Descriptive Statistics

Module 1 – Background

Overview of Biostatistics and Descriptive Statistics

Required Reading

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013) Statistical language – Measures of central tendency. Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/a3121120.nsf/home/statistical+language+-+measures+of+central+tendency

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013). Statistical language – What are variables? Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/a3121120.nsf/home/statistical+language+-+what+are+variables

Hall, R.J. Introduction to statistics.Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://bobhall.tamu.edu/FiniteMath/Module8/Introduction.html

Joseph, L. (2014). Statistics formula: Mean, median, mode, and standard deviation. Retrieved from https://blog.udemy.com/statistics-formula/

Khan Academy. (2016). Descriptive statistics. Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/descriptive-statistics

Laerd Statistics. (201.3) Types of variables. Retrieved from https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/types-of-variable.php

Lake Tahoe Community College. Mean, mode, median, and standard deviation. Retrieved from http://www.ltcconline.net/greenl/courses/201/descstat/mean.htm

StatTrek. (2016). One-way tables in statistics. Retrieved from http://stattrek.com/statistics/one-way-table.aspx?Tutorial=Stat

StatTrek. (2016). Two-way tables in statistics. Retrieved from http://stattrek.com/statistics/two-way-table.aspx?Tutorial=Stat

Optional Resources

Purdue Online Writing Lab. (2018). General format. Retrieved from https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html

Purdue Online Writing Lab. (2018). In-text citations: The basics. Retrieved from https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html

Purdue Online Writing Lab. (2018). Reference list: Basic rules. Retrieved from https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_basic_rules.html

Module 1 – SLP

Overview of Biostatistics and Descriptive Statistics

1. Open  the dataset that will be used for the Session Long Project for this course. The variables are labeled across the top, one per column. There are 300 people in this dataset, with each row representing an individual’s data. Label the types of variables in the project study and describe, in words, the possible values of each category. List and describe the types of data that may be collected in a study, including binary, categorical, nominal, ordinal, and continuous variables. For instance, “gender” is binary and possible values include “male” versus “female.” Do this for all of the variables in the study.

2. Using the provided dataset, calculate the appropriate descriptive statistics for each of the variables in the dataset. Include a 2- to 3-page explanation of the descriptive statistics, including tables of the summarized data, similar to a “Results” section in a published manuscript or journal article.

SLP Assignment Expectations

Length: SLP Assignment should be at least 4 pages (1000 words) in length.

References: At least four references from academic sources must be included (e.g., peer-reviewed journal articles). You may use any required readings from this module for your four references. Quoted material should not exceed 10% of the total paper (since the focus of these assignments is critical thinking). Use your own words and build on the ideas of others. When material is copied verbatim from external sources, it MUST be enclosed in quotes. The references should be cited within the text and listed at the end of the assignment in the References section (APA formatting recommended).

Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to each question.

Format: APA formatting is recommended for this assignment. See Syllabus page for more information on APA formatting.

Grammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted for minor errors, assignments are expected to adhere to standard guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity.

Your assignment will not be graded until you have submitted an Originality Report with a Similarity Index (SI) score <20% (excluding direct quotes, quoted assignment instructions, and references). Papers not meeting this requirement by the end of the session will receive a score of 0 (grade of F). Do keep in mind that papers with a lower SI score may be returned for revisions. For example, if one paragraph accounting for only 10% of a paper is cut and pasted, the paper could be returned for revision, despite the low SI score. Please use the report and your SI score as a guide to improve the originality of your work.

The following items will be assessed in particular:

· Achievement of learning outcomes for SLP Assignment.

· Relevance: all content is connected to the question.

· Precision: specific question is addressed; statements, facts, and statistics are specific and accurate.

· Depth of discussion: points that lead to deeper issues are presented and integrated.

· Breadth: multiple perspectives, references, and issues/factors are considered.

· Evidence: points are well supported with facts, statistics, and references.

· Logic: presented discussion makes sense; conclusions are logically supported by premises, statements, or factual information.

· Clarity: writing is concise, understandable, and contains sufficient detail or examples.

· Objectivity: use of first person and subjective bias are avoided.

Sheet1

IDgenderraceagesalaryeducationheightweightBMIdiabetesallergiesfamily hx diabetesfamily hx allergiesTo feel depressed during the winterTo exercise during the summerTo overeat when stressed out
1160malewhite18$10,456high school6514524.1noyesyesyes523
1240malehispanic18$11,234high school6917225.4noyesyesyes432
1115femaleafrican american18$11,500high school6413222.7noyesyesyes143
1147femaleother18$11,526high school6312021.3noyesyesyes252
1148femaleother23$13,871high school6413222.7nononoyes333
1241malehispanic21$14,690high school7017425noyesyesyes441
1116femaleafrican american22$14,734high school6514524.1noyesyesyes225
1001femalewhite18$15,000high school6011021.5noyesyesyes341
1266maleafrican american18$15,456high school6514524.1nonoyesyes513
1149femaleother27$16,216college6514524.1noyesnoyes245
1002femalewhite19$16,234high school6111421.5noyesyesyes414
1161malewhite19$16,690high school6615124.4nonoyesyes325
1003femalewhite20$17,924high school6211821.6nonoyesyes234
1117femaleafrican american25$17,968high school6615124.4nononoyes321
1246malehispanic23$18,146high school6514524.1noyesnoyes551
1150femaleother32$18,561college6615124.4nononoyes213
1267maleafrican american22$18,912high school6615124.4noyesyesyes335
1162malewhite20$19,158high school6716125.2nonoyesyes141
1004femalewhite20$19,158high school6312021.3noyesyesyes342
1163malewhite21$20,392high school6816725.4noyesyesyes552
1005femalewhite21$20,392high school6413222.7noyesyesyes443
1155femaleother37$20,906masters6011021.5noyesnoyes241
1145femalenative american58$21,134professional6111421.5noyesnono233
1122femaleafrican american29$21,202college6011021.5nononoyes222
1247malehispanic26$21,602college6615124.4nononoyes522
1164malewhite21$21,626high school6917225.4noyesyesyes334
1006femalewhite22$21,626college6514524.1nononoyes114
1268maleafrican american25$22,368high school6716125.2noyesnoyes244
1166malewhite22$22,860high school6514524.1nononoyes221
1007femalewhite23$22,860college6615124.4nononoyes442
1156femaleother42$23,251masters6111421.5noyesnoyes223
1167malewhite23$24,094high school6615124.4noyesnoyes442
1012femalewhite24$24,094college6011021.5noyesnoyes343
1123femaleafrican american32$24,436college6111421.5noyesnoyes324
1300maleother65$24,872professional6917225.4nononono422
1248malehispanic28$25,058college6716125.2nononoyes533
1168malewhite24$25,328high school6716125.2noyesnoyes254
1013femalewhite24$25,328college6111421.5noyesnoyes145
1157femaleother46$25,596masters6211821.6nononoyes341
1146femalenative american81$25,701professional6211821.6noyesnono451
1269maleafrican american29$25,824high school6816725.4noyesnoyes243
1169malewhite25$26,562college6816725.4noyesnoyes234
1014femalewhite25$26,562college6211821.6nononoyes413
1124femaleafrican american36$27,670college6211821.6noyesnoyes331
1170malewhite26$27,796college6917225.4nononoyes431
1015femalewhite26$27,796college6312021.3noyesnoyes342
1089femalehispanic18$27,836high school6011021.5noyesyesyes541
1158femaleother51$27,941professional6312021.3noyesnono325
1249malehispanic31$28,514college6816725.4noyesnoyes541
1171malewhite27$29,030college7017425noyesnoyes253
1016femalewhite27$29,030college6413222.7noyesnoyes144
1270maleafrican american33$29,280high school6917225.4noyesnoyes342
1176malewhite28$30,264college6514524.1noyesnoyes354
1017femalewhite28$30,264college6514524.1noyesnoyes441
1159femaleother56$30,286professional6413222.7nononono222
1125femaleafrican american40$30,904masters6312021.3noyesnoyes341
1090femalehispanic21$31,292high school6111421.5noyesyesyes442
1018femalewhite28$31,498college6615124.4nononoyes422
1177malewhite28$31,498college6615124.4nononoyes311
1250malehispanic33$31,970college6917225.4noyesnoyes451
1023femalewhite29$32,732college6011021.5noyesnoyes133
1178malewhite29$32,732college6716125.2noyesnoyes244
1271maleafrican american37$32,736college7017425nononoyes324
1024femalewhite30$33,966college6111421.5noyesnoyes355
1179malewhite30$33,966college6816725.4noyesnoyes444
1126femaleafrican american43$34,138masters6413222.7nononoyes144
1091femalehispanic23$34,748college6211821.6nononoyes244
1025femalewhite31$35,200college6211821.6noyesnoyes453
1180malewhite31$35,200college6917225.4nononoyes342
1251malehispanic36$35,426college7017425noyesnoyes515
1276maleafrican american40$36,192college6514524.1noyesnoyes124
1026femalewhite32$36,434college6312021.3nononoyes231
1181malewhite32$36,434college7017425nononoyes122
1127femaleafrican american47$37,372masters6514524.1noyesnoyes441
1027femalewhite32$37,668college6413222.7noyesnoyes435
1186malewhite33$37,668college6514524.1noyesnoyes544
1092femalehispanic26$38,204college6312021.3nononoyes224
1256malehispanic38$38,882masters6514524.1nononoyes435
1028femalewhite33$38,902masters6514524.1noyesnoyes343
1187malewhite34$38,902college6615124.4noyesnoyes242
1277maleafrican american44$39,648college6615124.4noyesnoyes231
1029femalewhite34$40,136masters6615124.4nononoyes151
1188malewhite35$40,136college6716125.2nononoyes242
1128femaleafrican american50$40,606professional6615124.4noyesnoyes252
1034femalewhite35$41,370masters6011021.5nononoyes333
1189malewhite35$41,370college6816725.4nononoyes424
1286maleasian american18$41,543high school6514524.1noyesyesyes441
1093femalehispanic28$41,660college6413222.7noyesnoyes311
1257malehispanic41$42,338masters6615124.4nononoyes444
1035femalewhite36$42,604masters6111421.5noyesnoyes424
1190malewhite36$42,604college6917225.4noyesnoyes243
1278maleafrican american48$43,104college6716125.2noyesnoyes452
1036femalewhite36$43,838masters6211821.6noyesnoyes152
1191malewhite37$43,838college7017425nononoyes342
1037femalewhite37$45,072masters6312021.3nononoyes453
1196malewhite38$45,072college6514524.1noyesnoyes324
1094femalehispanic31$45,116college6514524.1noyesnoyes532
1299maleother42$45,726college6816725.4noyesnoyes532
1258malehispanic43$45,794masters6716125.2nononoyes245
1287maleasian american23$46,110masters6615124.4nononoyes144
1038femalewhite38$46,306masters6413222.7nononoyes544
1197malewhite39$46,306college6615124.4noyesnoyes123
1279maleafrican american51$46,560masters6816725.4nononoyes353
1296malenative american56$46,837masters6514524.1nononono131
1039femalewhite39$47,540masters6514524.1noyesnoyes211
1198malewhite40$47,540college6716125.2noyesnoyes452
1095femalehispanic33$48,572college6615124.4noyesnoyes352
1040femalewhite40$48,774masters6615124.4noyesnoyes232
1199malewhite41$48,774college6816725.4nononoyes355
1259malehispanic46$49,250masters6816725.4noyesnoyes234
1045femalewhite40$50,008masters6011021.5nononoyes543
1200malewhite41$50,008college6917225.4noyesnoyes131
1280maleafrican american55$50,016masters6917225.4nononono135
1288maleasian american27$50,677masters6716125.2nononoyes431
1046femalewhite41$51,242masters6111421.5nononoyes244
1201malewhite42$51,242college7017425noyesnoyes443
1100femalehispanic36$52,028college6011021.5noyesnoyes243
1047femalewhite42$52,476masters6211821.6noyesnoyes312
1206malewhite43$52,476masters6514524.1nononoyes251
1144femalenative american18$52,706masters6011021.5noyesyesyes421
1260malehispanic48$52,706masters6917225.4noyesnoyes114
1281maleafrican american59$53,472masters7017425noyesnono423
1048femalewhite43$53,710masters6312021.3nononoyes354
1207malewhite44$53,710masters6615124.4noyesnoyes432
1049femalewhite44$54,944masters6413222.7noyesnoyes343
1208malewhite45$54,944masters6716125.2noyesnoyes412
1289maleasian american32$55,244college6816725.4noyesnoyes321
1101femalehispanic38$55,484masters6111421.5nononoyes255
1261malehispanic51$56,162professional7017425noyesnono143
1050femalewhite44$56,178masters6514524.1noyesnoyes521
1209malewhite46$56,178masters6816725.4nononoyes145
1051femalewhite45$57,412masters6615124.4noyesnoyes323
1210malewhite47$57,412masters6917225.4nononoyes443
1056femalewhite46$58,646professional6011021.5nononoyes254
1211malewhite48$58,646masters7017425noyesnoyes332
1102femalehispanic41$58,940masters6211821.6nononoyes344
1133femaleasian american18$59,121college6011021.5noyesyesyes444
1290maleasian american36$59,811college6917225.4noyesnoyes254
1057femalewhite47$59,880professional6111421.5noyesnoyes552
1216malewhite48$59,880masters6514524.1nononoyes334
1058femalewhite48$61,114professional6211821.6noyesnoyes223
1217malewhite49$61,114masters6615124.4nononoyes553
1134femaleasian american24$61,466masters6111421.5nononoyes331
1059femalewhite48$62,348professional6312021.3noyesnoyes225
1218malewhite50$62,348masters6716125.2noyesnoyes341
1103femalehispanic43$62,396masters6312021.3noyesnoyes523
1060femalewhite49$63,582professional6413222.7nononoyes441
1219malewhite51$63,582masters6816725.4noyesnono414
1135femaleasian american30$63,811masters6211821.6nononoyes424
1291maleasian american41$64,378professional7017425nononoyes444
1061femalewhite50$64,816professional6514524.1nononoyes442
1220malewhite52$64,816masters6917225.4nononono433
1104femalehispanic46$65,852masters6413222.7noyesnoyes412
1062femalewhite51$66,050professional6615124.4noyesnono234
1221malewhite53$66,050masters7017425nononono251
1136femaleasian american37$66,156masters6312021.3noyesnoyes151
1067femalewhite52$67,284professional6011021.5nononoyes521
1226malewhite54$67,284masters6514524.1noyesnono243
1137femaleasian american43$68,501masters6413222.7nononoyes433
1068femalewhite52$68,518professional6111421.5nononono342
1227malewhite55$68,518masters6615124.4noyesnono445
1105femalehispanic48$69,308masters6514524.1noyesnoyes232
1069femalewhite53$69,752professional6211821.6noyesnono142
1228malewhite55$69,752masters6716125.2noyesnono421
1138femaleasian american49$70,846masters6514524.1nononoyes215
1070femalewhite54$70,986professional6312021.3noyesnono354
1229malewhite56$70,986masters6816725.4nononono242
1071femalewhite55$72,220professional6413222.7noyesnono534
1230malewhite57$72,220masters6917225.4noyesnono545
1297malenative american81$72,567professional6615124.4nononono542
1106femalehispanic51$72,764masters6615124.4noyesnono143
1139femaleasian american55$73,191professional6615124.4noyesnono343
1072femalewhite56$73,454professional6514524.1nononono313
1231malewhite58$73,454masters7017425nononono122
1073femalewhite56$74,688professional6615124.4noyesnono353
1236malewhite59$74,688professional6514524.1nononono322
1078femalewhite57$75,922professional6011021.5noyesnono454
1237malewhite60$75,922professional6615124.4noyesnono544
1111femalehispanic53$76,220professional6011021.5nononono345
1079femalewhite58$77,156professional6111421.5noyesnono341
1238malewhite61$77,156professional6716125.2noyesnono344
1080femalewhite59$78,390professional6211821.6nononono211
1239malewhite61$78,390professional6816725.4noyesnono153
1298maleother20$78,429high school6716125.2nonoyesyes253
1081femalewhite60$79,624professional6312021.3nononono433
1112femalehispanic56$79,676professional6111421.5nononono551
1082femalewhite60$80,858professional6413222.7noyesnono455
1083femalewhite61$82,092professional6514524.1noyesnono241
1113femalehispanic58$83,132professional6211821.6nononono443
1084femalewhite62$83,326professional6615124.4noyesnono242
1114femalehispanic61$86,588professional6312021.3noyesnono332
1085femalehispanic63$10,123high school6716125.2yesyesnono112
1142femalenative american18$12,000high school6917225.4yesyesnono223
1294malenative american29$12,425high school7322429.6yesnonono341
1265maleafrican american62$12,784high school7423530.2yesyesnono334
1285maleasian american45$13,567high school7423530.2yesyesnono445
1086femalehispanic66$13,579high school6816725.4yesnoyesno554
1130femaleasian american61$15,000high school6816725.4yesyesnono221
1272maleafrican american66$16,240college7118225.4yesnoyesno441
1143femalenative american27$16,567college7017425yesyesnono414
1087femalehispanic68$17,035high school6917225.4yesnoyesno252
1131femaleasian american68$17,345high school6917225.4yesyesyesno141
1292maleasian american50$18,134professional7118225.4yesnonono343
1132femaleasian american74$19,690college7017425yesnoyesno241
1273maleafrican american70$19,696college7219526.5yesyesyesno232
1088femalehispanic71$20,491high school7017425yesyesyesno323
1140femaleasian american80$22,035professional6716125.2yesnoyesno442
1293maleasian american54$22,701professional7219526.5yesyesnono525
1274maleafrican american74$23,152college7322429.6yesnoyesno253
1096femalehispanic73$23,947college6716125.2yesyesyesno434
1141femaleasian american86$24,380professional6816725.4yesnoyesno431
1295malenative american47$25,983college7423530.2yesyesnono422
1275maleafrican american77$26,608college7423530.2yesyesyesno425
1097femalehispanic76$27,403college6816725.4yesyesyesno352
1282maleafrican american81$30,064professional7118225.4yesnoyesno351
1098femalehispanic78$30,859college6917225.4yesyesyesno314
1151femaleother60$32,631college6716125.2yesyesnono443
1283maleafrican american85$33,520professional7219526.5yesyesyesno234
1099femalehispanic81$34,315college7017425yesnoyesno133
1152femaleother65$34,976college6816725.4yesnoyesno242
1284maleafrican american88$36,976professional7322429.6yesnoyesno453
1153femaleother70$37,321college6917225.4yesyesyesno213
1107femalehispanic83$37,771masters6716125.2yesyesyesno454
1154femaleother74$39,666masters7017425yesyesyesno154
1108femalehispanic86$41,227masters6816725.4yesyesyesno121
1118femaleafrican american54$43,840high school6716125.2yesyesnono332
1109femalehispanic88$44,683professional6917225.4yesnoyesno542
1119femaleafrican american58$47,074college6816725.4yesyesnono412
1110femalehispanic91$48,139professional7017425yesyesyesno245
1120femaleafrican american61$50,308college6917225.4yesnonono243
1121femaleafrican american65$53,542college7017425yesnoyesno352
1129femaleafrican american68$56,776professional6716125.2yesnoyesno441
1242malehispanic53$59,618high school7118225.4yesnonono142
1243malehispanic56$63,074high school7219526.5yesyesnono534
1244malehispanic58$66,530high school7322429.6yesyesnono221
1245malehispanic61$69,986high school7423530.2yesyesnono543
1252malehispanic63$73,442college7118225.4yesyesyesno345
1253malehispanic66$76,898college7219526.5yesnoyesno322
1165malewhite62$79,624high school7017425yesnonono422
1254malehispanic68$80,354college7322429.6yesyesyesno344
1172malewhite63$80,858college7118225.4yesnoyesno244
1173malewhite64$82,092college7219526.5yesyesyesno341
1174malewhite65$83,326college7322429.6yesyesyesno542
1255malehispanic71$83,810college7423530.2yesyesyesno333
1008femalewhite63$84,560college6716125.2yesyesnono241
1175malewhite66$84,560college7423530.2yesnoyesno322
1009femalewhite64$85,794college6816725.4yesnoyesno511
1182malewhite67$85,794college7118225.4yesyesyesno344
1010femalewhite64$87,028college6917225.4yesnoyesno333
1183malewhite68$87,028college7219526.5yesyesyesno543
1262malehispanic73$87,266professional7118225.4yesyesyesno244
1011femalewhite65$88,262college7017425yesyesyesno155
1184malewhite68$88,262college7322429.6yesyesyesno351
1019femalewhite66$89,496college6716125.2yesyesyesno453
1185malewhite69$89,496college7423530.2yesnoyesno224
1263malehispanic76$90,722professional7219526.5yesnoyesno124
1020femalewhite67$90,730college6816725.4yesyesyesno431
1192malewhite70$90,730college7118225.4yesnoyesno424
1021femalewhite68$91,964college6917225.4yesnoyesno213
1193malewhite71$91,964college7219526.5yesyesyesno443
1022femalewhite68$93,198college7017425yesnoyesno235
1194malewhite72$93,198college7322429.6yesyesyesno241
1264malehispanic78$94,178professional7322429.6yesyesyesno242
1030femalewhite69$94,432masters6716125.2yesyesyesno451
1195malewhite73$94,432college7423530.2yesyesyesno253
1031femalewhite70$95,666masters6816725.4yesyesyesno442
1202malewhite74$95,666college7118225.4yesnoyesno435
1032femalewhite71$96,900masters6917225.4yesnoyesno133
1203malewhite75$96,900masters7219526.5yesnoyesno411
1033femalewhite72$98,134masters7017425yesnoyesno315
1204malewhite75$98,134masters7322429.6yesyesyesno232
1041femalewhite72$99,368masters6716125.2yesyesyesno531
1205malewhite76$99,368masters7423530.2yesyesyesno252
1042femalewhite73$100,602masters6816725.4yesyesyesno352
1212malewhite77$100,602masters7118225.4yesnoyesno555
1043femalewhite74$101,836masters6917225.4yesyesyesno142
1213malewhite78$101,836masters7219526.5yesnoyesno331
1044femalewhite75$103,070masters7017425yesnoyesno344
1214malewhite79$103,070masters7322429.6yesyesyesno112
1052femalewhite76$104,304masters6716125.2yesnoyesno524
1215malewhite80$104,304masters7423530.2yesyesyesno443
1053femalewhite76$105,538masters6816725.4yesyesyesno323
1222malewhite81$105,538masters7118225.4yesyesyesno445
1054femalewhite77$106,772professional6917225.4yesyesyesno141
1223malewhite82$106,772masters7219526.5yesnoyesno251
1055femalewhite78$108,006professional7017425yesyesyesno343
1224malewhite82$108,006masters7322429.6yesnoyesno232
1063femalewhite79$109,240professional6716125.2yesyesyesno444
1225malewhite83$109,240masters7423530.2yesyesyesno523
1064femalewhite80$110,474professional6816725.4yesnoyesno444
1232malewhite84$110,474masters7118225.4yesyesyesno434
1065femalewhite80$111,708professional6917225.4yesnoyesno223
1233malewhite85$111,708masters7219526.5yesyesyesno345
1066femalewhite81$112,942professional7017425yesyesyesno221
1234malewhite86$112,942masters7322429.6yesyesyesno254
1074femalewhite82$114,176professional6716125.2yesyesyesno554
1235malewhite87$114,176professional7423530.2yesnoyesno141
1075femalewhite83$115,410professional6816725.4yesnoyesno344
1076femalewhite84$116,644professional6917225.4yesnoyesno143
1077femalewhite84$117,878professional7017425yesyesyesno321

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