The alpha helix and beta pleated sheet are examples of which level of protein organization?

this is a study guide for biology. answers have to be right.

” multiple choice and short answers “.

Study guide

__ A fever is best described as a/an: A) positive feedback cycle. B) negative feedback cycle. C) control center malfunction. D) altered set point. E) receptor malfunction.

________Most enzyme names have the suffix: A) -ise. B) -ose. C) -ase. D) -in E) –shizzle

_____The first step of Na+K+ pump’s activity involves the binding of which of the following? A) K+ binds to sites outside the cell. B) K+ binds to sites inside the cell.
C) Na+ binds to sites outside the cell. D) Na+ binds to sites inside the cell. E) ATP binds to sites inside the cell.

_______The alpha helix and beta pleated sheet are examples of which level of protein organization? A) primary. B) secondary. C) tertiary. D) quaternary. E) penternary.

_Water molecules interact with each other by bonds: A) ionic. B) non-polar C) covalent. D) hydrogen.. E) hydrophobic

__ Forming a water molecule as a result or byproduct of a reaction is known as: A) hydration. B) hydrolysis. C) condensation D) activation. E) a miracle.

__ Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that, in facilitated diffusion: A) ATP is consumed. B) molecules move against a concentration gradient. C) carrier proteins are involved. D) A & C.

_ A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of: A) pinocytosis. B) osmosis. C) exocytosis. D) phagocytosis. E) receptor mediated endocytosis.

Red blood cells will shrink in a/an __ solution: A) isotonic. B) hypotonic. C) hypertonic. D) cytotonic.. E) psychiatric.

_ An organic molecule that is critical for the normal function of an enzyme is:
A) an active site B) a paraenzyme. C) a cofactor. D) a coenzyme. E) a saccharide. _ A cell with an internal osmolarity of 300 mOsm is placed in a 200 mM solution of

NaCl. The solution is _ and the cell will _. A) isotonic – not change size. B) hypotonic – shrink. C) hypertonic – swell. D) hypotonic – swell. E) hypertonic – shrink.

_ If there is 0.2 M glucose along with 0.15 M NaCl in a solution, what is its approximate osmolarity? A) 0.175 Osm. B) 500 mOsm. C) 350 mOsm. D) 2.15 Osm. E) 300 mOsm

__ Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP directly or indirectly. This type of transport is known as . A) simple diffusion. B) active transport. C) endocytosis. D) exocytosis. E) facilitated diffusion.

__ The movement of a solute against its concentration gradient is a characteristic of:
A) osmosis. B) simple diffusion. C) active transport. D) facilitated diffusion. E) B & D.

__ When a membrane-bound vesicle in the cytoplasm fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the outside, this is called: A) diffusion. B) phagocytosis. C) endocytosis. D) pinocytosis. E) exocytosis.

_ Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are transported into cells by: A) pinocytosis.
B) phagocytosis. C) receptor-mediated endocytosis. D) J-Lo-cytosis. E) facilitated diffusion.

._ Carbon dioxide gets through the cell membrane by: A) simple diffusion. B) facilitated diffusion. C) osmosis. D) active transport. E) symport.

______The rate of passive transport is dependent upon: A) temperature. B) the amount of ATP available. C) the concentration gradient. D) A & B. E) A & C.

__ B vitamins are often have roles as: A) membrane proteins. B) coenzymes.
C) inhibitors of enzymes. D) inorganic cofactors. E) membrane transporters.

__ Blood, Bile, Black Bile, and Phlegm are the: A) four humors of Chinese medicine.
B) four humors of Greek medicine. C) vital fluids first described in the Bible. D) Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. E) fluids my roommate leaves in the shower.

__ In glucose homeostasis the beta cell has which role or roles? A) sensor. B) control center. C) effector. D) all of the above. E) A & B.

_ A transporter carries glucose into a cell against its concentration gradient while simultaneously moving sodium into the cell. This type of transport is called: A) primary active transport. B) secondary active transport. C) facilitated diffusion. D) antiport.

_____Enzymes speed reaction rates because they: A) decrease the kinetic energy of a reaction. B) increase the kinetic energy of a reaction. C) increase the activation energy of a reaction. D) decrease the activation energy of a reaction.

__ When a membrane-bound vesicle in the cytoplasm fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the outside, this is called: A) diffusion.
B) phagocytosis. C) endocytosis. D) exocytosis. E) pinocytosis.

__ During protein synthesis, amino acids are carried to ribosomes by: A) mRNA. B) tRNA. C) rRNA. D) aaRNA. E) peptidase.

______The organelle that contains many digestive enzymes is the: A) ribosome B) mitochondria. C) lysosome. D) nucleolus. E) Golgi body.

__ An anticodon would be found in: A) cRNA. B) mRNA. C) rRNA. D) tRNA. E) the “Left Behind” novels.

__ A base, a sugar and a phosphate are the primary components of a/an: A) amino acid. B) nucleotide. C) saccharide. D) triglyceride.

__ The symbol for medicine is a staff with 1-2 snakes around it. It is called the: A) Aescalpius. B) Panacea. C) Caduceus. D) Apollowhopper. E) medical staff.

__ A fever is best described as a/an: A) positive feedback cycle. B) negative feedback cycle. C) control center malfunction. D) altered set point. E) receptor malfunction.

__Coffee has a pH of 5 and blood has a pH of 7. Therefore, the concentration of hydrogen ions in coffee is than blood. A) 100 times less B) 20 times more C) 100 times more D) 20 times less. E) 2 times more if it is from Starbucks.

________Most enzyme names have the suffix: A) -ise. B) -ase. C) -ose. D) -in E) –shizzle

__ Lactose, or milk sugar, is an example of a: A) dipeptide.
B) polysaccharide. C) diglyceride. D) disaccharide. E) monosaccharide.

__ Prostaglandins are a type of: A) protein. B) lipid. C) enzyme. D) nucleic acid E) carbohydrate.

__ Which plane of section could go through both ears? A) transverse. B) parasagittal. C) midsagittal. D) frontal. E) A & D.

_______The alpha helix and beta pleated sheet are examples of which level of protein organization? A) primary. B) secondary. C) tertiary. D) quaternary. E) penternary.

_Water molecules interact with each other by bonds: A) ionic. B) hydrogen. C) covalent. D) non-polar. E) hydrophobic

_______Complementary strands of DNA are held together by: A) hydrogen bonds. B) ionic bonds. C) covalent bonds. D) savings bonds. E) sugar-phosphate bonds.

__ Blood, Bile, Black Bile, and Phlegm are the: A) four humors of Chinese medicine. B) four humors of Greek medicine. C) vital fluids first described by Galen. D) Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. E) fluids my roommate leaves in the shower.

__ Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that, in facilitated diffusion: A) ATP is consumed. B) molecules move against a concentration gradient. C) carrier proteins are involved. D) A & C.

Red blood cells will shrink in a/an __ solution: A) isotonic. B) hypertonic. C) hypotonic. D) cytotonic.. E) psychiatric

__ A plane that separates the body into superior and inferior regions is called a plane.: A) medial B) frontal C) sagittal. D) cranial E) transverse.

__ An organic molecule that is critical for the normal function of an enzyme is:
A) an active site B) a paraenzyme. C) a coenzyme. D) a cofactor. E) an alloenzyme.

________The thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity are separated by the:
A) pleural membranes. B) spinal cord. C) diaphragm. D) rib cage. E) pelvis.

__ The movement of a solute against its concentration gradient is a characteristic of:
A) osmosis. B) simple diffusion. C) active transport. D) facilitated diffusion. E) B & D.

1) _ The “cell theory” was developed primarily in: A) the Roman era. B) the 17th century. C) the 19th century. D) the Middle Ages. E) Egypt.

2) __ Galen is known as the Father of: A) medicine. B) the microscope.

C) modern anatomy. D) ancient anatomy. E) modern physiology.
3) __ The symbol for medicine is a staff with 1-2 snakes around it. It is called the:

A) Aescalpius. B) Panacea. C) Caduceus. D) Apollowhopper. E) medical staff.
4)__ A fever is best described as a/an: A) positive feedback cycle. B) negative feedback cycle. C) control center malfunction. D) altered set point. E) receptor malfunction.

5)__Coffee has a pH of 5 and blood has a pH of 7. Therefore, the concentration of hydrogen ions in coffee is than blood. A) 100 times less B) 20 times more

C) 100 times more D) 20 times less. E) 2 times more if it is from Starbucks.
6) ________Most enzyme names have the suffix: A) -ise. B) -ase. C) -ose. D) -in

E) –didley.
7)__ Lactose, or milk sugar, is an example of a: A) dipeptide.

B) polysaccharide. C) diglyceride. D) disaccharide. E) monosaccharide.
8) ______Nipples of a human are anterior, but nipples of a cat are: A) dorsal.

B) caudal. C) ventral. D) posterior. E) trick question, cats don’t have nipples!
9) __ Prostaglandins are a type of: A) protein. B) lipid. C) enzyme. D) nucleic acid

E) carbohydrate.
10) __ Which plane of section could go through both eyes? A) transverse.

B) parasagittal. C) midsagittal. D) frontal. E) A & D.
11) _______The alpha helix and beta pleated sheet are examples of which level of protein organization? A) primary. B) secondary. C) tertiary. D) quaternary. E) awesome.

12) _Water molecules interact with each other by bonds: A) ionic.

B) hydrogen. C) covalent bonds. D) non-polar bonds. E) hydrophobic
13) _______Complementary strands of DNA are held together by: A) hydrogen bonds.

B) ionic bonds. C) covalent bonds. D) savings bonds. E) sugar-phosphate bonds.
14) __ Approximately 95% of the energy needed to keep a cell alive is

generated by the activity of the: A) mitochondria. B) ribosomes.

C) nucleus. D) endoplasmic reticulum. E) tiny cans of Red Bull.
15) __ Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that, in the

former (Fac Dif): A) ATP is consumed. B) molecules move against a

concentration gradient. C) carrier proteins are involved. D) A & C.

16) _ A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of: A) pinocytosis.

B) osmosis. C) exocytosis. D) phagocytosis. E) receptor mediated endocytosis.
17) ______Red blood cells will shrink in a/an: A) isotonic solution.

B) hypertonic solution. C) hypotonic solution. D) cytotonic solution.
18) _____The production of mRNA using DNA as a template is called:

A) translation. B) transcription. C) replication. D) transduction.
19) __ During protein synthesis, amino acids are carried to ribosomes by:

A) mRNA. B) tRNA. C) rRNA. D) aaRNA. E) cRNA.
20) ______The organelle that contains many digestive enzymes is the: A) ribosome

B) mitochondria. C) lysosome. D) nucleolus. E) Golgi body.
21) ______Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: A) is the site of ATP synthesis.

B) synthesizes proteins. C) is involved in lipid metabolism D) A & B. E) B & C.
22) _ Rough endoplasmic reticulum: A) is the site of ATP synthesis.

B) synthesizes proteins. C) is involved in lipid metabolism D) A & B. E) B & C.
23) ______The nucleolus is the site of: A) tRNA synthesis. B) protein storage.

C) all the cell’s genes. D) chromosome replication. E) rRNA synthesis.
24) __ Initiation, elongation and termination are phases of: A) DNA replication.

B) transcription. C) mitosis. D) translation. E) every episode of Elimidate.
25) __ When a membrane-bound vesicle in the cytoplasm fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the outside, this is called: A) diffusion.

B) phagocytosis. C) endocytosis. D) exocytosis. E) pinocytosis.
26) _ Glucose commonly enters cells by: A) co-transport with sodium B) simple diffusion. C) facilitated diffusion. D) A & B. E) A & C.

27) __ The movement of a solute against its concentration gradient is a characteristic of:

A) osmosis. B) simple diffusion. C) active transport. D) facilitated diffusion. E) B & D.
28) __ An anticodon would be found in: A) cRNA. B) mRNA. C) rRNA.

D) tRNA. E) the “Left Behind” novels.
29) __ Blood, Bile, Black Bile, and Phlegm are the: A) four humors of Chinese medicine. B) four humors of Greek medicine. C) vital fluids first described by Galen. D) Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. E) WWF wrestlers.

30) __ A base, a sugar and a phosphate are the primary components of a/an:

A) amino acid. B) nucleotide. C) saccharide. D) triglyceride. E) double-play combination of the Anaheim Angels.

What is a partition coefficient? What is the relationship between a substance’s partition coefficient and its membrane permeability? Who did the early studies that demonstrated the relationship between membrane permeability and the partition coefficient?

What are two key differences between hexokinase and glucokinase?If a red blood cell has an internal osmolarity of 300 mOsm

A) What is molarity of an iso-osmotic NaCl solution? What would be the molarity of an iso-osmotic CaCl2?
Note: f = 0.93 for NaCl and 0.86 for CaC

Outline how gut endothelial cells transport glucose from the gut lumen to the blood. Include all relevant transport mechanisms and the concentration gradients involved (is glucose going up or down its concentration gradient?

What was Gorter and Grendel’s contribution to our understanding of membrane structure? Outline their experiment that led to their model of membrane

What is the difference between a cofactor and a coenzyme? How are they similar?

Myoglobin (pictured below) is globular, oxygen-binding protein found in muscle and was the first protein whose structure was determined by x-ray crystallography. What level of protein organization does it represent? Label the levels of protein organization that can be seen in its structure.

Give a brief description of one positive feedback cycle ?

What are (the) 4:

a) Key functions of cell membranes?
b) Types of receptors used in cell-signaling
c) Factors that influence enzyme reaction rate.
d) Functional classes of proteins. (Note: Not primary, secondary, etc)
e) Factors that influence the rate of diffusion of a molecule across a membrane.

Outline the feedback mechanism that regulates blood glucose homeostasis. (Don’t include the intracellular components.)

Give an example of a hydrolysis reaction discussed in class. What happens to the water molecule in the reaction? (4 pts)

What is the role of positive feedback in labor (childbirth)? (4 pts)

Briefly describe two key features of the Hippocratic Oath that are relevant to modern doctors. (4 pts)

The genetic code is a “triplet code.” Explain. (4 pts)

Enzymes lower the ___ _____ of a reaction.
A fever is an example of an altered _________.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide cross cell membranes by __.
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a defect in the _______ transport of ______ ions in the cells of the lungs. The lack transport of the ions

across the lung membranes results in _________________ and thickened mucus..

A competitive inhibitor binds to the _____ ______ of an enzyme. The Km of glucose permease is 1.5 mM for glucose, but is 50 mM for galactose. This

indicates that the permease’s _______ for glucose is higher/lower (circle one!) than that for galactose.

One definition of _______ Law is: “The net diffusion rate of a solute across a membrane is proportional to the difference in the concentrations, proportional to the area of the membrane and inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane.”

Na+/K+ ATPase belongs to the __– class of ATPases, which means that

V-class ATPases carry out the ____ transport of ___ across membranes.

LDL and growth factors typically enter cells using _________________ .

The rate of passive transport is dependent upon the ________ of the solute and

_____________.

A(n) ________________ is a collection of organs that work together to perform a major body function.

The sodium-potassium pump carries out the ___________ transport of

(#) sodium ions into/out of (circle 1) the cell and ___(#) potassium ions into/out of (circle 1) the cell.

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids = ________________________

The three phases of protein translation are ____________________________

_____________________________.

A sensor (receptor), __ _____, and ___________ are the key components of any feedback system.

The __ ___ of an enzyme is where the substrate binds.

Osmosis is the movement of ___ across a/an _________

membrane from an area of ___ ________________concentration to an area

of _____ ____ concentration.

CH2O is the general formula for a/an ____________________.

Amino acids are linked together via covalent bonds called __________ bonds.

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are transported into cells by _______

____________ ____________.

In “Anatomical Position” the legs and feet are ________________, the arms are

_____________ and the palms are_____________________________________

Intermediate filaments, ______________ and ______________ are the key structures that make up the cytoskeleton.

The opposite of “ipsilateral” is ________________________.
The ability to maintain a stable internal environment even though the external environment changes is called __________________.
Globular and fibrous are classes of ________________.
Enzymes are organic catalysts that ___________ the _____ ____________ (or energy barrier) of a reaction.

Physiology is the study of _____________.

An organic catalyst of a reaction usually is a(n) __________.

A(n) ________________ is a collection of organs that work together to perform a major body function.

The _______________ separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

“K” is the chemical symbol for ___________________.

The sodium-potassium pump carries out the ___________ transport of

(#) sodium ions into/out of (circle 1) the cell and ___(#) potassium ions into/out of (circle 1) the cell.

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids = ________________________

The __ ___ of an enzyme is where the substrate binds.

Osmosis is the movement of ___ across a/an _________

membrane from an area of __ _____________concentration to an area

of _____ ____ concentration.

A chromosome is the condensed form of _____________.

Carbon dioxide gets through the cell membrane by _ ___.

The folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria are called ___.

In prophase, the _______ and __________ disappear and

_____ migrate to opposite poles of the cell. These structures reform

during ___________

CH2O is the general formula for a/an ____________________.

Amino acids are linked together via covalent bonds called __________ bonds.

__________ is the non-selective uptake of material, like water, from the extracellular environment.